Global capacity, measured in available cargo tonne-kilometres (ACTKs), shrank by 34.7 percent in May (-32.2 percent for international operations) compared to the previous year, a slight deceleration from the 41.6 percent year-on-year drop in April. Belly capacity for international air cargo shrank by 66.4 percent in May compared to the previous year due to the withdrawal of passenger services amid the COVID-19 crisis (up slightly from the 75.1 percent year-on-year decline in April). This was partially offset by a 25.2 percent increase in capacity through expanded use of freighter aircraft.
The cargo load factor (CLF) rose 10.4 percentage points in May. This was a slight decrease from the 12.8 percentage point rise in April. However, the extent of the increase suggests that there is still pent-up demand for air cargo which cannot be met due to the continued grounding of many passenger flights. Global export orders continue to fall but at a slower pace. The Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) tracking new manufacturing export orders improved from the trough seen in April despite remaining in contractionary territory.
“Air cargo demand is down by over 20 percent compared to 2019. And with most of the passenger fleet grounded capacity was down 34.7 percent,” said Alexandre de Juniac, IATA’s director general and CEO. “The gap between demand and capacity shows the challenge in finding the space on the aircraft still flying to get goods to market. For that the prospects for air cargo remain stronger than for the passenger business but the future is very uncertain. Economic activity is picking up from April lows as some economies unlock. But predicting the length and depth of the recession remains difficult.”
Regional Performance
All regions suffered declines in May. Airlines in Europe and Latin America suffered the sharpest drops in year-on-year growth in total air freight volumes, while airlines in Asia-Pacific and the Middle East experienced slightly less dramatic declines. Airlines in North America and Africa saw more moderate drops compared to the other regions.
Asia-Pacific airlines saw demand for international air cargo fall by 21.3 percent in May 2020 compared to the same period a year earlier. This was a solid improvement over the 25.2 percent drop in April. Seasonally adjusted freight volumes rebounded slightly in May and have reached 75 percent of their pre-COVID-19 levels. Shipments of personal protective equipment (PPE) are helping support APAC. International capacity decreased 31 percent.
North American carriers reported a fall in international cargo demand of 9 percent year-on-year in May. This was the smallest contraction of all regions except Africa. This was due to shorter and less stringent lockdowns in certain regions, the large freighter fleets of a few regional airlines as well as robust US-China trade volumes. Demand on the Asia–North America route was down 0.4 percent year-on-year in May. International capacity fell 28 percent.
European carriers reported a 29.7 percent annual drop in international cargo volumes in May, the weakest performance of all regions. Limited manufacturing output and lockdowns through to mid-May contributed to the weak performance. International capacity decreased 40.1 percent.
Middle Eastern carriers reported a decline of 25 percent year-on-year in May, a significant improvement from the 36.2 percent fall in April. Despite a number of carriers in the region maintaining some cargo capacity, traffic on all key routes was low. International capacity decreased 24.4 percent.
Latin American carriers posted a 22.1 percent drop in year-on-year international demand. This was a significant improvement from the 40.7 percent decline in April. The COVID-19 crisis is particularly challenging for airlines based in Latin America owing to strict lock-down measures. International capacity decreased 39.5 percent.
African airlines posted the smallest contraction of any region in May, extending a run of resilient performance. Africa has now ranked in the top two regions for 15 consecutive months. Year-on-year international demand fell by 6.3 percent. The small Africa-Asia market was particularly resilient in May, down only 0.4 percent. International capacity decreased 37.7 percent.
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